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 It happens quickly. Without warning. It can affect anyone - healthy adults, even teenagers. It cannot be prevented. There is no vaccine. Most do not survive.
It's called Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) and there's only one way to treat it. Defibrillation.
Unfortunately, 90 - 95 percent of SCA victims die because they didn't have quick access to this easy-to-administer lifesaving treatment. By making more people aware of sudden cardiac arrest and by improving access to Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs), we can increase the survival rate for these people.
 Survival rates of over 50% have been achieved where easily organized AED programs have been established. These rates are twice those reported for the most effective EMS systems, and ten times better than the national EMS system average of 5%!
Every responsible household has an easily accessible fire extinguisher. In many ways, it is appropriate to think of an AED as a medical fire extinguisher!
 Sudden cardiac arrest, or SCA, is a frequently misunderstood worldwide killer. It can affect anyone, anywhere, anytime. SCA occurs more than 600 times every day in the U.S. alone, killing at least 250,000 people each year. That's more people than the entire population of cities like Derby, England or Raleigh, North Carolina. SCA kills more people than house fires, AIDS, firearms, prostate and breast cancer, and automobile accidents, combined. It is one of the leading causes of death among American adults.
Yet few people are familiar with sudden cardiac arrest.
  How many times have you seen or heard about Emergency Medical Technicians flying across the lobby of your building into a waiting elevator. Our Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue E.M.T.s tell us that a substantial number of calls that they respond to on the Barrier Island are for Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Unfortunately, they often arrive too late! Fire-Rescue Techs have been visiting Condos to alert our residents about the lifesaving benefits of on-site Automatic External Defibrillators. Some of us are starting to listen!
What is sudden cardiac arrest?
 Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart stops beating suddenly and unexpectedly due to a malfunction in the heart's electrical system. When this happens, the heart's lower (pumping) chambers contract in a rapid, unsynchronized way. The malfunction that causes SCA is a life-threatening abnormal rhythm, or arrhythmia. The most common arrhythmia is ventricular fibrillation (VF).
When in VF, the heart's rhythm is so chaotic (called "fibrillating") that the heart merely quivers, and is unable to pump blood to the body and brain. Once a heart has entered VF, sudden cardiac arrest occurs.
 A victim in SCA first loses his or her pulse, then consciousness, and finally the ability to breathe. But all of this happens quickly - in a matter of seconds. Without immediate treatment from a defibrillator, 90-95 percent of SCA victims will die.
The only effective treatment for SCA is to deliver an electrical shock using a device called a defibrillator (to de-fibrillate the heart), which stops the chaotic rhythm of a heart in VF or in ventricular tachycardia (extremely rapid heartbeat), giving it the chance to restart beating with a normal rhythm.
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will not restart a heart in sudden cardiac arrest. CPR is just a temporary measure used to continue a minimal supply of oxygen to the brain and other organs. When someone is in sudden cardiac arrest, defibrillation is the only way to re-establish a regular heartbeat.
Who can be affected by SCA?
 Unfortunately, anyone can suffer sudden cardiac arrest. SCA is unpredictable and can happen, without warning or symptoms, to anyone, anytime, anywhere...even teenagers. Although pre-existing heart disease is a common cause of cardiac arrest, many victims have never had a heart problem. Risk does increase with age.
Without immediate treatment, only 5-10 percent of people survive SCA. But survival rates above 50 percent have been achieved in places that have successfully implemented AED programs. Survival rates can climb even higher when the person is treated within three minutes of cardiac arrest.
These statistics are impressive, but they're still just numbers. It's not until you save a life, or meet someone whose life has been saved by an AED, that the awesome power of an AED program becomes evident.
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Is sudden cardiac arrest the same as a heart attack?
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is not the same thing as a heart attack (myocardial infarction), although a person suffering a heart attack has an increased risk of SCA.
Here's how they differ:
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Heart Attack |
Sudden Cardiac Arrest |
| Cause |
 Caused by an occlusion (blockage) in an artery that supplies blood to the heart (coronary artery). The affected heart muscle then begins to die due to lack of oxygen. |
 Caused by an abnormal heart rhythm, usually ventricular fibrillation. |
Warning Signs |
Often preceded by chest, arm, upper abdomen, or jaw pain; weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and sweating are common. |
Rarely a warning; victim collapses suddenly and has no detectable pulse |
Victim's Response |
Usually remains conscious and alert |
Always loses consciousness; unresponsive |
Risk of Death |
With proper treatment, many people survive. |
90 - 95% will die, unless a defibrillation shock is delivered within 10 minutes of collapse. |
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It's not always easy to tell if someone is suffering from SCA, but the victim will typically:
- Be unconscious
- Have no signs of circulation (e.g. no pulse)
- Not be breathing
Why is it important to know the difference between SCA and a heart attack? Because the treatment for each is very different:
- For a heart attack, medical professionals must administer medications, other life-saving procedures, and sometimes surgery, to unblock blood flow to the heart muscle. Time is important, with the best results occurring if treatment is received in the first hour of symptoms.
- For SCA, an electrical shock from a defibrillator must be delivered, the sooner the better, otherwise the victim will likely die. Laypersons can be easily trained to use an AED, thus dramatically increasing the odds of saving someone's life.
Waiting for emergency professionals (e.g. EMS) when someone is in SCA could delay treatment and could cost the person his or her life.
How is sudden cardiac arrest treated?
 The only way to effectively treat sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is with an electrical shock delivered by a defibrillator. Voltage stored by the defibrillator pushes electrical current through the heart by means of the electrodes or paddles placed on the chest. This brief pulse of current halts the chaotic activity of the heart, giving it a chance to start beating again with a normal rhythm. Delivering a shock that returns the heart to a normal rhythm is called defibrillation.
Early defibrillation is the key to surviving SCA.
Survival rates for SCA are highest when defibrillation occurs within the first few minutes. The person has the best chance of survival if the defibrillation shock is given within the first three minutes of collapsing.
But if a defibrillator is not immediately available, the outlook is grim. For each minute defibrillation is delayed, survival rates drop by about 7-10 percent-even if CPR is started immediately.
- The rate of survival for SCA victims averages less than two percent when defibrillation is delayed ten minutes or more.
- The average time it takes emergency crews to arrive is between 6-12 minutes.
- If the heart isn't restarted within the first four to six minutes after the arrest, the victim may sustain irreversible brain damage.
 For Your Information!
- The International Guidelines 2000 from the American Heart Association reports that "extraordinary survival rates-as high as 49%-have been reported in PAD (Public Access Defibrillation) programs. These rates are twice those previously reported for the most effective EMS systems.
- In one study, when a Las Vegas casino implemented an AED program, survival rates for VF-related SCA reached 70 percent when the SCA was witnessed and the AED was used within three minutes.
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Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)
An Overview
An AED is a small, portable device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and prompts the user to deliver a defibrillation shock if it determines one is needed. Once turned on, the AED guides the user through each step of the defibrillation process by providing voice and/or visual prompts.
AEDs are specially designed for easy use by a �first responder�, who would be the first person to typically arrive on the scene of a medical emergency. A first responder can be an emergency medical services worker, a firefighter or police officer, or it can be a layperson with minimal AED training.
Time to defibrillation, the most critical factor in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survival, can be reduced if an AED is �on-site� and can be brought to the victim quickly. This is one of the reasons that survival rates improve in communities with active AED programs. Remember, every minute that passes before defibrillation reduces survival rates by 7-10 percent.
The goal is to improve SCA survival rates�..on-site AEDs can make the difference.
How does an AED work?
Once an AED is turned on, it provides prompts to guide the user through the process. One of the first prompts instructs the user to connect the AED to the victim via the adhesive electrodes (pads) placed on the chest.
The AED's microprocessor then analyzes the victim's heart rhythm through the electrodes using a built-in computer program. It then determines if a shock is "needed" or "necessary." More specifically:
- The electrodes placed on the victim's body send the heart rhythm information (ECGs) to the AED.
- The AED "reads" short segments of the heart's rhythm. It checks characteristics such as frequency, shape, slope, amplitude and heart rate.
- Based on these characteristics, the AED determines whether or not a shock is needed and activates the appropriate user prompts or (in fully automatic versions) administers the shock.
In the above graphic series, the particular AED requires either 2 or 3 steps to save a life. Three steps if it is the semi-automatic unit and only the first two steps if it is the fully automatic version. Once you determine the person isn't breathing or conscious, you just:
- Push the button to release the lid and turn on the defibrillator.
- Pull the handle to get the electrode pads and adhere them to the person's chest as shown.
- Press the flashing button if told to do so. (Not necessary in fully automatic versions!)
If a shock is needed, the AED will prompt the user to press the button that delivers the shock. It will then re-analyze the heart rhythm to determine if more shocks are needed. If the unit is fully automatic, it will automatically administer shocks as needed. If a shockable rhythm is not detected, the AED will prompt the user to check the victim for a pulse, and to perform CPR if needed.
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How does the shock �fix� SCA?
 The delivery of an electrical shock to a heart experiencing SCA briefly stops all electrical activity in the heart. This brief "break" from the previous electrical chaos can be enough for the heart to restart beating with a normal rhythm.
Not everyone can be saved from SCA, even with defibrillation. But early defibrillation, especially when delivered within three minutes of a person's collapse from SCA, does provide the best chance.
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Is an AED safe to use?
An AED is safe to use by anyone who's been trained to operate it. Studies have shown the devices to be 90% sensitive (able 90% of the time to detect a rhythm that should be defibrillated) and 99% specific (able 99% of the time to recommend not shocking when defibrillation is not indicated). This level of accuracy is greater than the accuracy of emergency professionals. Because of the wide variety of situations in which it will typically be used, the AED is designed with multiple safeguards and warnings before any energy is released. The AED is programmed to deliver a shock only when it has detected VF. However, because recognizing the signs of sudden cardiac arrest should trigger an AED intervention, the AED should always be functional and available. That's why training including safety and maintenance is important.
The AHA (American Heart Association) recommends that persons who live or work where an AED is available for use by lay rescuers participate in an AED Course. AEDs are so user-friendly that untrained rescuers can generally succeed in attaching the pads, pressing ANALYZE (if required), and delivering shocks. However, untrained rescuers probably would not know how to respond to the victim if the AED prompts �no shock indicated.� An operator needs only to follow the illustrations on the electrode pads and the control panel and listen and follow the voice prompts (for example, �Do not touch the patient�). While the fully automated version delivers shocks as needed, the partially automated AED will deliver a shock only when a shock is advised and the operator pushes the SHOCK button. This prevents a shock from being delivered accidentally.
An AED should not be used on a child younger than 8 years old or weighing less than about 55 pounds.
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Who can use an AED?
Almost anyone can learn to operate an AED with a few hours of training-no medical background is needed to use an AED. In fact, the American Heart Association says, �AEDs are sophisticated, computerized devices that are reliable and simple to operate, enabling lay rescuers with minimal training to administer this lifesaving intervention� (a defibrillation shock), and �flight attendants, security personnel, sports marshals, police officers, firefighters, lifeguard, family members, and many other trained laypersons have used AEDs successfully.�
AEDs are designed to help people with minimal training safely use them in tense, emergency situations. They have numerous built-in safeguards and are designed to deliver a shock only if the AED detects that one is necessary.
Their ease of use and built-in safety mechanisms make AEDs suitable for use in community, condominium, cooperative or company-wide programs.
Learning to use an AED and/or helping to place AEDs in public places will save lives.
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What other actions should a lay responder take during and after using an AED on a person in cardiac arrest?
Lay rescuers are most often asked to call 911 and get the AED. The lay rescuer can assemble the pocket face mask and begin providing mouth-to-mask ventilations. Responders might provide CPR or continue defibrillation if a Publicly Accessible Defibrillator (PAD) is used. Support and direction to bystanders, friends, and family are appropriate. When EMS personnel arrive, the lay rescuer can provide directions and help get information about the patient.
It's helpful to EMS professionals to be able to set up their equipment, including the defibrillator, while lay rescuers continue CPR. The EMTs will take over CPR and reconfirm that the victim is in cardiac arrest.
There should be some type of debriefing for EMS personnel or lay rescuers involved in a resuscitation attempt. Also, the voice-rhythm-shock record should be collected from the AED's event documentation system. The AHA strongly recommends that AEDs used in a public access or home-responder setting have both rhythm and voice event documentation. AEDs can record and store (as a minimum) the following information:
- Patient rhythm throughout the resuscitation.
- Response of the AED (shock versus no shock; shockable rhythm versus nonshockable rhythm).
- Event and interval timing.
- Audio recording of the voices and actions recorded at the scene of a cardiac arrest.
When EMS professionals arrive they can access the information recorded in the local AED to better recreate a record of the "treatment' received by the fortunate victim. This record will be used by doctors and medical professionals to more accurately diagnose the situation and render subsequent treatment. Fortunate victim? If the AED was not available, the victim would most likely have died. Unquestionably fortunate!
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Why should we purchase an AED?
Early defibrillation with an on-site AED can be the difference between life and death.
The time to the first defibrillation shock is the most critical factor in determining survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). With every minute that goes by, survival rates decrease by about 10%. That leaves a window of ten minutes in which to potentially save your life or the life of someone you know, after which survival rates average less than 2%.
The best results for defibrillation occur in the first three minutes, measured from the moment the victim collapses to when the defibrillation shock is delivered. On average, it takes EMS teams in the U.S. an average of 6 to 12 minutes to arrive. That's why having an AED readily accessible wherever groups of people gather makes good preventive sense.
Early defibrillation is one of the American Heart Association's (AHA) four cornerstones in the Chain of Survival, which is now the worldwide guideline for response to sudden cardiac arrest. The AHA believes that early defibrillation could save as many as 50,000 lives each year. One of those lives could be yours, or that of someone you care about.
Chain of Survival
 Time is critical when sudden cardiac arrest strikes. Every minute without defibrillation, survival rates plunge up to 10 percent. Quick action by the first person on-scene can truly be the difference between life and death. After the first few minutes, the spectre of brain damage precedes imminent death.
In recognition of the importance of early action and early defibrillation, the American Heart Association defined a "Chain of Survival" in 1990. The Chain of Survival is now the worldwide guideline for response to sudden cardiac arrest.
The Chain of Survival has four lifesaving links:
- Early Access: Dial 911 immediately
- Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Provide CPR to help maintain blood flow to the brain until the next step.
- Early Defibrillation: Defibrillation is the only way to restart a heart in sudden cardiac arrest.
- Early Advanced Care: After defibrillation, an emergency team provides advanced cardiac care on-scene, such as intravenous medications. This care continues during transport to the hospital.
Like fire extinguishers, AEDs in public places are becoming an expected standard
AEDs were introduced in 1979, and since that time hundreds of thousands of AEDs have been placed in police cars, airplanes, airports and bus terminals, hotels and casinos, sports arenas, high schools, manufacturing plants and other public places. The documented increase in survival rates at places with AED programs has raised public awareness about the importance of AEDs and the need for on-site accessibility.
Another important step came in 2000, when President Clinton signed the Cardiac Arrest Survival Act (CASA). Under CASA, the Federal government mandated the placement of AEDs in all federal buildings. CASA also provides immunity from liability for users and acquirers of AEDs. In addition to CASA, all 50 states have passed some form of "Good Samaritan" law, most providing protection for trained users of AEDs.
Cardiac Arrest Survival Act (CASA)
The Cardiac Arrest Survival Act (CASA) of 2000 is our nation's first legislation recognizing the lifesaving role played by automated external defibrillators (AEDs). The law highlights the need to make AEDs accessible to anyone who has had proper training, not just professional medical personnel. The law also augments existing state "Good Samaritan" laws by ensuring federal liability protection for trained users and purchasers of AEDs. Finally, the law establishes a new three-year, $25 million program to improve access to emergency defibrillation in rural areas.
CASA's goal is to encourage people to respond in a cardiac emergency by using an AED.
The law addresses the liability concerns raised by some organizations. For example, the legislation now protects trained AED users from liability, and also protects any person who has maintained the device, provided training, tested the device or acquired it. It even protects the physician who provides medical oversight for the device.
The Federal Aviation Administration recently submitted rules requiring most commercial aircraft to be equipped with AEDs. And the AHA is calling for widespread public access to AEDs, which "has the potential to be the single greatest advance in the treatment of VF cardiac arrest since the development of CPR".
All of these factors are setting a new standard of care. And the results can be dramatic, such as the golf course team that saved a cardiac arrest victim's life ten days after purchasing an AED. It's stories like these that bring the meaning and the power of an AED program to life.
For Your Information!
With AEDs and trained responders - police, flight attendants, security officers, athletic coaches or anyone else who is likely to be at or near the scene of a cardiac arrest - it will be possible to significantly raise SCA survival rates. Before long, AEDs will become standard safety equipment in all types of settings: industrial facilities, commercial establishments, schools and ultimately even homes.
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Isn't calling 911 enough?
Emergency medical service (EMS) professionals and firefighters save many SCA victims each year, but a lack of equipment and time delays keep them from saving many more.
Lack of equipment
Unfortunately, not every emergency vehicle carries a defibrillator, the only device that can treat sudden cardiac arrest.
Lack of time
In some large metropolitan areas, an ambulance may not even get to the scene in less than 10 minutes due to traffic. And, on average, it takes EMS teams in the U.S. 6 - 12 minutes to arrive. So, even if an EMS team does have a defibrillator, the response time may not be fast enough to save a victim's life.
Survival rates are highest for patients who receive a defibrillation shock within three minutes of collapse. This almost requires that an AED be on-site anywhere groups of people gather and that trained responders are available.
Remember, 90 - 95 percent of all SCA victims die. Documented AED programs have shown that survival rates can rise to 70 percent or more when an AED program is in place.
Waiting for medical professionals when someone is in sudden cardiac arrest could delay treatment - and could cost the person his or her life.
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How to Implement an AED Program
An Overview
Today more people are taking action to create Heart Safe Workplaces and Heart Safe Communities. Companies, schools and other organizations are working to set up early defibrillation programs to help more people who suffer sudden cardiac arrest. They're installing portable defibrillators in key locations where people gather. They're placing them in emergency vehicles that serve their community. People are even equipping their own homes with AEDs. Some day, AEDs may be as commonplace as fire extinguishers and first aid kits.
However, just buying an AED does not guarantee that people in the vicinity will know what to do, how to use it, or even remember that it's there in a cardiac emergency. Implementing a comprehensive AED program helps ensure that this lifesaving tool will be used correctly should the need arise.
Although no two facilities or organizations will go about it in exactly the same way, this information will help guide you in establishing and successfully implementing an AED program.
What steps do I take to implement an AED Program?
It makes sense to tackle any worthwhile project in steps, and to assign a project manager to tailor a program for your situation. Here are steps for each stage (Ready, Set, Go) of AED implementation.
Get Ready
- Gain consensus among stakeholders
- Address liability concerns
- Consult local Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
- Identify your response team
Get Set
- Arrange for prescription/medical direction
- Choose equipment and vendor
- Design policies and procedures - and keep improving
- Train response team and plan for refresher training
- Assess how many AEDs you'll need and where to place them
- Develop a budget for equipment, training and promotion
Go
- Buy and deploy AEDs and other supplies
- Promote your program
- Follow your quality assurance plan for people, equipment and procedures
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What about Liability?
Some organizations and communities let their concern about liability for AED acquisition and use be a stumbling block. There is good news: all 50 states in the U.S. have Good Samaritan laws, giving some immunity to lay people who help others in distress. On the federal level, the Cardiac Arrest Survival Act of 2000 encourages placement of AEDs in federal buildings and protects users, purchasers and trainers from litigation following emergency use of an AED. In all Canadian provinces, volunteer rescuers who use AEDs in an emergency have liability protection.
These laws, combined with wider use of AEDs and mounting evidence that AEDS improve survival rates, are setting a new standard of care.
�In most settings, the medical benefits of AEDs far outweigh any legal risks," counsels Richard A. Lazar, an attorney in the field. �As these devices become more widely used, there will potentially be greater liability risk for not adopting AED programs.�
For more on this topic, read, �Understanding AED Program Legal Issues,� an article by Richard A. Lazar. Lazar is the founder and president of Readiness Systems (heir to the Early Defibrillation Law & Policy Center), an organization committed to developing more effective, risk managed AED programs for public and private settings.
In some large metropolitan areas, an ambulance may not even get to the scene in less than 10 minutes due to traffic. And, on average, it takes EMS teams in the U.S. 6-12 minutes to arrive. So, even if an EMS team does have a defibrillator, the response time may not be fast enough to save a victim's life.
Legislation was recently passed by the 2004 Florida Legislature designed to protect Homeowner and Neighborhood Associations from any liability ramafications adjunctive to State of Florida's Title XLV, Chapter 768.1325 Cardiac Arrest Survival Act; immunity from civil liability (see below). House Bill H 0411 sponsored by Representative Donald C. �Don� Sullivan, M.D. of Pinellas County's District 54 and identical Senate Bill S 1184 sponsored by Senator Walter G. �Skip� Campbell, Jr. of Broward County's District 32, amends the Statute with, �(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, and except as provided in subsection (4), any person who uses or attempts to use an automated external defibrillator device on a victim of a perceived medical emergency, without objection of the victim of the perceived medical emergency, is immune from civil liability for any harm resulting from the use or attempted use of such device. In addition, any person who acquired the device, including, but not limited to, a community association organized under chapter 617, chapter 718, chapter 719, chapter 720, chapter 721, or chapter 723, is immune from such liability...� (as long as the Association notifies the local emergency medical services medical director of the device's placement, properly maintains and tests the device, and provides training to an employee of the Association. The AED can be used by ANYONE, trained or not! �(6) An insurer may not require a community association to purchase medical malpractice liability coverage as a condition of issuing any other coverage carried by the association, and an insurer may not exclude damages resulting from the use of an automated defibrillator device from coverage under a general liability policy issued to an association.�
On June 23, 2004, Senate Bill S 1184 became law after Governor Bush approved the legislation. Click Here to read the actual text of the bill (now law!).
 More Liability related links to further illuminate legal protection for AED utilization:
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What about Training?
Learning how to use an Automated External Defibrillator is surprisingly simple, far easier than mastering CPR. Most people agree that operating an AED is an extremely intuitive experience!
Because using an AED in an emergency requires virtually no training, saving a life is something that can be accomplished by anyone with the will and a defibrillator. However, to help create a �Heart-Safe Zone� in your home, it is extremely advantageous to implement a plan that includes different degrees of proficiency by potential �First Responders�. There are essentially two levels of knowledge that training can impart. In twenty minutes to a half hour any employee or interested resident can learn basic AED use. Most AED manufacturers offer these abbreviated basic training opportunities at no charge. Cardiologists, The American Heart Association, The Red Cross, and virtually every medical and governmental authority strongly recommend the participation in an official training course by some �key� personnel (residents and/or employees). Board members, committee personnnel, security staff, building adminstration, maintenance staff, and residents should be invited to attend a three to four hour CPR/AED course that earns them a �certificate�. Having a certified �course graduate� available during an emergency, even if only by telephone, not only mollifies the inherent anxiety, but also helps secure a successful outcome.
Comprehensive AED courses usually last about three to four hours. This allows time to understand the principles that govern the therapy and useful hands-on practice. This format helps increase user competence and confidence.
AED training and related resources are offered through the American Heart Association, the American Red Cross, the National Safety Council, the American Safety and Health Institute, Medic First Aid, an exhaustive list of local EMS and Fire Rescue Departments, and special training divisions provided by most AED manufacturers. Since most states regulate health care training for public safety personnel, it's a good idea to check with state authorities to make sure your training program is consistent with state guidelines. To do this, contact your state EMS agency.
The curricula for AED training courses vary somewhat in form and format. Generally, they all emphasize:
- A functioning (basic) knowledge of CPR (CardioPulmonary Resuscitation) protocals
- Safety for both victims and rescuers
- Proper placement of electrodes
- Delivering the first shock as quickly as possible, ideally within 60 seconds from time of arrival at the victim's side
- Plenty of hands-on practice, with one instructor and one AED or AED trainer for every four to six students
- Developing confidence and familiarity with the �First Responder� role to help make recognizing an emergency and reacting appropriately �second nature�
- A rudimentary knowledge of basic maintenance protocals for the AED
Here are some useful training links:
Fort Lauderdale Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Division Chief Robert Edgar said that the department will arrange to schedule the official training classes for resident groups that demonstrate an interest in getting certified in AED/CPR. Chief Edgar's telephone number is (954) 828-6831. He can be reached by e-mail at "[email protected]".
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Chief Robert Edgar�s Crusade
Fort Lauderdale Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Division Chief Robert Edgar has been a staunch advocate of defibrillators. Chief Edgar is intimately familiar with the unfortunate consequences that inevitably result from his EMS teams arriving a few precious minutes too late. The frustration that wears on an EMT unit from helplessly witnessing case after case of lives lost to ignorance and apathy requires a near limitless reserve of courage and hope. Courage to keep doing a job where death rides with you everywhere you go and hope that those whose lives are in your hands are getting the message. The message is defibrillators.
 | | EMS Chief Robert Edgar |
When Chief Edgar�s EMTs are alerted to a "Sudden Cardiac Arrest" emergency, a person�s life depends upon them winning a race with the clock. With each passing minute, the victim�s survival rate decreases 7 to 10%. After 10 minutes from the onset of the incident, only 2% of the stricken victims survive. Chief Edgar realized early on that a healthy majority of the people he serves didn't understand that Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) kills more people than house fires, AIDS, firearms, prostate and breast cancer, and automobile accidents, COMBINED. It is one of the leading causes of death among American adults. The vast majority of the 250,000 lives lost to SCA each year in the United States would have been spared by access to an AED (Automated External Defibrillator).
Horror stories that proliferate in the media didn�t work. Sterile informational pamphlets didn�t work. Chief Edgar took it upon himself to go directly to the people living in the buildings under his protection to hammer home the message. �A defibrillator in your home is more likely to save your life than the fire extinguisher that you scrupulously maintain.� He sent out representatives to neighborhood associations, condominium associations and homeowner associations attempting to stem the engrained technophobia, overcome the misconceptions surrounding liability and give perspective to the obvious benefits that accompany acquiring an AED. Everywhere his minions connect, they leave Association Board members, committee Chairpersons and building managers embarrassed for not implementing a surprisingly simple, inexpensive program capable of saving the lives of their constituents and their families. Few "in-house" projects yield so much for so little.
The Galt Mile community owes the Chief a debt of gratitude. His persistence has borne fruit. Since the inception of his efforts, almost half the member Associations of the Galt Mile Community Association have purchased defibrillators. While an AED can be used by almost anyone to save a life during an emergency, it is strongly recommended that several building residents and/or employees be trained and certified in the proper use and maintenance of the devise. Aware that this could represent another roadblock to the correct implementation of a successful AED program, Chief Edgar is currently attempting to arrange training classes as part of the overall incentive to local Associations to equip their premises with these �medical fire extinguishers�.
The City of Fort Lauderdale is in the throes of a devastating fiscal crunch. As a result, many of the municipal programs will suffer withering cutbacks or disappear completely. The City, while low on funds, still has an abundance of expertise. Because of the partnership formed between the Galt Mile Community Association and Chief Robert Edgar�s department, the AED program will continue. The funds for the equipment are being provided by the Associations and the expertise is being provided by the Fire-Rescue Training department. Other city agencies would do well to take note of this formula.
 | EMS Lieutenant
Jo-Ann Lorber |
Lieutenant Jo-Ann Lorber of Chief Edgar�s unit has been working with the Galt Mile Community Association to develop this training program. Lieutenant Lorber is a Fire/Medical FTO (Field Training Officer) currently assigned to Chief Edgar�s Emergency Medical Services Bureau. A prototype training class has been scheduled for October 7th at the Fire-Rescue Training Facility. While Lieutenant Lorber and Chief Edgar are fighting to provide these training resources during the program's infancy, it behooves us to discontinue any dependence on municipal resources as quickly as possible. To this end, Lieutenant Lorber is assisting the GMCA in the creation of a volunteer unit of CPR/AED trainers. Well-known AED advocate Nancy Effrain of SouthPoint Condominium, GMCA Advisory Board Member Eric Peter Berkowitz of Regency Tower and GMCA President Robert Rozema met with Lieutenant Lorber on September 19th to flesh out the logistics involved in organizing training volunteers into a unit capable of responding to the training needs of any of our member Associations. During the recruitment, training and development of this unit, Lieutenant Lorber will assist us in arranging training support for those Associations that have purchased AEDs in response to Chief Edgar's life-saving crusade.
 Few experiences are as rewarding as saving a life. Please call the Galt Mile Community Association at (954) 563-6353 to inquire about participation in this critically important AED unit. No experience is required. You will receive the necessary certified training at no cost to you. You will, in turn, have the opportunity to train your friends, neighbors, and building personnel to the extent of official certification.
Associations that prefer to arrange certification training prior to the formation of the AED unit should CLICK HERE for a wealth of information in that regard.
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Fire-Rescue Certifies 1st GMCA Class
The Galt Mile Community Association has partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Department of Fire-Rescue to foster an active defibrillator installation program. In response to a concerted campaign initiated by Chief Robert Edgar of the Emergency Medical Services Bureau, almost half of the GMCA�s member Associations have purchased AEDs (Automated External Defibrillators) for on-site installation. Hopefully, the remaining Associations will follow suit and transform the Galt Mile into what the American Heart Association terms a �Heart-Safe Zone�. Should any potential victim fall prey to SCA (Sudden Cardiac Arrest) in one of the AED-equipped Condos, their prospects for survival are tremendously increased. Member Associations are protecting themselves from the stigma of becoming the condo that lost a resident or visitor to SCA because they couldn�t find $2000 in the budget. Some Associations have purchased several AEDs for reasons that parallel purchasing several fire extinguishers; it is inexpensive yet effective protection from a proven killer.
 While an AED can be used by virtually anyone, trained or not, to save someone�s life, it is recommended to install the defibrillator in conjunction with the implementation of an AED program. This includes the CPR/AED certified training of one or more condo residents and/or employees. To avoid diminishing the positive momentum of the AED installation effort on the Galt Mile, Chief Edgar has made this valuable certified training available at no cost to the GMCA�s member associations during the program�s infancy. EMS Field Training Officer Lieutenant Jo-Ann Lorber and Lieutenant Joseph Fox of the Fire-Rescue Training Division developed a training program designed to promote early AED implementation.
 | | Dott Nicholson-Brown |
 | | Eric Peter Berkowitz |
 | | Fern McBride |
 | | Robert Rozema |
The first training class was held on October 7th at the Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue Training Facility at 2000 NE 16th Street off Federal Highway. 15 residents, Board Members, and employees of the Regency Tower and Southpoint Condominiums received 3 hours of AED/CPR training that resulted in their official certification in those disciplines. Regency Tower�s President Dott Nicholson-Brown was joined by Board Members Eric Peter Berkowitz and Fern McBride along with an aggregate of administrative, security and maintenance staff members to participate in the certification training. GMCA President Robert Rozema accompanied a contingent of Southpoint residents and employees through the training regimen.
  | | Thomas Griffin |
The class was administered by a group of Fort Lauderdale�s Fire-Rescue Training personnel. The certification course organizer, Lieutenant Joe Fox, was the lead professor. He was joined by Fire-Rescue Officers Antonio Yon, Steven Woods and Lieutenant Joe Hernandez. Lieutenant Fox explained how CPR and defibrillators fit into the �Chain of Survival� that could potentially save the lives of SCA victims in our homes. This introductory outline was followed by a video designed to give scope to the practical application of the skills we were about to learn. The team operated as a carefully coordinated, well rehearsed educational machine, each overseeing instruction of a different component of the CPR/AED training. The class was divided into 4 groups of 3-4 people per group. The groups rotated through a variety of training stations, each concentrating on a different aspect of CPR or AED utilization. The training team transformed the potentially intimidating course material (representing the latest in CPR/AED techniques) into an interesting and enjoyable experience. Regency Tower resident Thomas Griffin, a retired New York City Detective, remarked that �the certification class was not only enlightening and informative, but simple enough to be easily digested by anyone.�
Upon completion of the course, the students responded to the outstanding educational skills of their instructors Fox, Yon, Woods and Hernandez with a grateful ovation. Surprisingly, the training team returned the compliment, exclaiming that they appreciated the civic concern exhibited by the attending �students�. One of the attendees inquired about �refresher follow-up classes�. Lieutenant Fox put the importance of the AED program into perspective by responding that despite the fiscally despondent condition of the City, it was critically important to nurse the AED program through its initial stages. However, the training resources available for this effort are extremely limited. The condos that make the investment in the AEDs will benefit from the free training offered by the Department. This valuable free training is essentially an incentive to procrastinating Associations to protect their residents ASAP. Those Associations that delay implementing an AED program will have to pay a professional outside agency (American Heart Association, Red Cross, etc.) to obtain identical training for interested residents and employees. Costs associated with the training offered by these agencies currently run from $30 to $45 per person. A word to the wise is sufficient.
If your Association has purchased an AED, inquire about the certified training available by calling Galt Mile Community Association Headquarters at (954) 563-6353. Certification classes are being arranged on a first come, first serve basis. ONLY THOSE ASSOCIATIONS THAT HAVE PURCHASED A DEFIBRILLATOR ARE ELIGIBLE FOR THE FREE TRAINING...IF IT'S STILL AVAILABLE!
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A Race  with  the Clock
 December 28, 2004 - Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a condition that kills more people than house fires, AIDS, firearms, prostate and breast cancer, and automobile accidents... combined! In the United States, it attacks about 700 victims every day. Without treatment, the 250,000 unfortunates that SCA strikes annually face a survival rate of less than 5%. There is only one treatment - defibrillation. If defibrillation is administered, survival rates skyrocket to 50%. Defibrillators are inexpensive, portable and so �user friendly� that untrained 10 year-olds have successfully used them to rescue SCA victims. Of the 30 to 40 Florida residents that succumb to SCA every day, 2 or 3 live in Fort Lauderdale.
Several years ago, a debate commenced over the efficacy of defibrillators. Proliferating in public venues, Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) sprouted up in airports, bus and train terminals, government buildings, ballparks, stadiums, theaters, shopping malls and public parks. The plummeting cost of defibrillators has made them accessible to almost any household budget. Their similarity to fire extinguishers as an effective yet inexpensive life-saver swiftly popularized the devices. Sudden Cardiac Arrest kills far more people than fires ever did. Every responsible household has a fire extinguisher. Why not a defibrillator?
Why not? Defibrillators made people nervous. In deference to technophobes who still stare at their VCR continually blinking 12:00... 12:00... 12:00... defibrillators appear to be a daunting piece of hi-tech wizardry. They have all the intimidating earmarks of equipment that seemingly requires years of training before proficiency is achievable - colored buttons and lights. (This phobic perception is unwarranted in view of the device�s voice capability that actually �talks� a user through an incident.) In addition, there were legal issues. People labored under the assumption that if the person next to you collapsed and you deemed to help, after a few visits to the local courthouse, he would be moving into what used to be your house. Condominium Boards wriggled uncomfortably when reviewing the pros and cons of installing a defibrillator. For years, the specter of a lawsuit delayed the acceptance of defibrillators by litigation-leery Associations.
 | | L.A. FITNESS HEALTH CLUB |
The L.A. Fitness Health Club at 3825 N. Federal Highway is being sued by the family of Alessio Tringali. The 49 year-old Mr. Tringali suffered a fatal collapse on April 3, 2003 while exercising at the Oakland Park fitness facility. The wrongful death lawsuit filed by the victim�s family alleges that supplying a defibrillator may have saved his life. The family of another 51-year-old man who had a fatal heart attack at the Coral Springs L.A. Fitness gym filed a similar lawsuit in July. The legal liability shoe appears to have switched feet. The law is starting to consider the availability of defibrillators to be as important as fire extinguishers in private, as well as public, venues. As with fire safety systems, preparation is the key to liability. In framing the industry-wide liability issue, family attorney Russell Adler stated, �We hope as a result of this litigation and other litigation that is ongoing in the United States that health clubs will take basic measures to save the lives of members who have heart attacks in their clubs.� These legal developments aren�t lost on Association attorneys. The question confronting condo residents and their Boards is no longer, �What will happen to us if we purchase and install a defibrillator?� It is now, �What will happen if we don�t?�
Following President Clinton�s signing the �Cardiac Arrest Survival Act of 2000 (CASA)� into federal law, state legislatures across the nation passed some variation of a �Good Samaritan� law designed to encourage public placement and use of defibrillators. These laws originally envisioned deployment by a trained user. The state versions of this immunity from civil liability have been expanding almost annually. As legislators educated themselves about AEDs, they reconfigured their legislation to protect any first responder to an SCA emergency.
Chapter 768.1325 of the Florida Statutes, also entitled the �Cardiac Arrest Survival Act�, is a work in progress. Originally designed to protect trained personnel, the protection was later extended to any person maintaining, testing or acquiring an Automated External Defibrillator. Subsequently, anyone operating the devise in good faith and any medical professional providing oversight and/or training for its use was also included. During the 2004 legislative session in Tallahassee, laws protecting Condominium Associations, Cooperatives and Homeowner Associations from civil liability were enacted.
 | | Senator Walter G. Campbell Jr. |
Targeting liability for Associations, House Bill 0411 and Senator Walter G. �Skip� Campbell�s Senate Bill 1184 amended the Statute with, �Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, and except as provided in subsection (4), any person who uses or attempts to use an automated external defibrillator device on a victim of a perceived medical emergency, without objection of the victim of the perceived medical emergency, is immune from civil liability for any harm resulting from the use or attempted use of such device. In addition, any person who acquired the device, including, but not limited to, a community association organized under chapter 617, chapter 718, chapter 719, chapter 720, chapter 721, or chapter 723, is immune from such liability...� Chapter 718 is also known as �The Condominium Act�. Chapter 719 governs the creation and operation of Cooperatives. Chapter 720 is devoted to Homeowner Associations. Governor Bush signed the bills into law on June 23, 2004.
In addition to immunizing Condominiums from civil liability for AED deployment, the new amendment also protects Associations from whimsical insurance vagaries. It states, �An insurer may not require a community association to purchase medical malpractice liability coverage as a condition of issuing any other coverage carried by the association, and an insurer may not exclude damages resulting from the use of an automated defibrillator device from coverage under a general liability policy issued to an association.� Condominium trepidations about civil liability or perceived insurance exposure were mitigated in one fell swoop. There are no longer any �good reasons� to delay acquiring a defibrillator.
 | | AED IN REGENCY TOWER LOBBY |
Galt Mile Associations are overcoming their prior queasiness about installing AEDs. More than half of the 26 Galt Mile Community Association members have equipped their premises with defibrillators. The new legislation has paved the way for the rest to likewise protect their resident-members as well as their individual Associations. The Galt Mile has reinvented itself in the past few years; almost every building has expended substantial resources to upgrade construction, fire safety and security systems. Most residents have friends and relatives in other buildings as well. An unnecessary SCA tragedy will resound throughout the entire community. We can only pray that the unprotected condos win their dangerous race with the clock.
The Galt Mile Community Association strongly endorses the installation of a defibrillator in every one of its member Associations. While deciding to emplace an AED is a no-brainer, selecting one is a challenge. Inasmuch, we maintain a substantial segment on our web site with extensive information about Automated External Defibrillators. Every defibrillator is approved by the FDA and is designed for easy use by any untrained first responder. Every concerned Galt Mile resident should support their Board�s acquiring and maintaining this inexpensive device that may one day save their life or that of a loved one. No more dawdling... there�s too much at stake!
BTW - As a result of a decision rendered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on October 20, 2004, AEDs will soon be available to anyone �over the counter�. The Philips HeartStart Home Defibrillator can now be purchased without a prescription. The FDA is currently considering similar applications from other manufacturers.
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Which AED should we choose?
AED Manufacturers
There are presently seven companies in the United States that manufacture AEDs. (See list below.) All of these companies have devices that are currently available. All AEDs on the market have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and thus are considered safe and effective. Each of the AED manufacturers listed below are linked to the company's web site. Click on the name of the company to go there!
Access CardioSystems is no longer in business. Their AccessAED has been recalled by the FDA. Click Here to access the FDA recall details.
Synopses of currently available AEDs
The nine companies listed above (Access CardioSystems, Cardiac Science, Inc., WelchAllyn, Inc., Physio-Control, Inc., Philips Medical Systems, Zoll Medical Corporation, HeartSine Technologies, Defibtech and Cintas) manufacture FDA approved Automated External Defibrillators. Some manufacturers make several AED models. The models described below are targeted to meet the needs of buildings such as ours. Check on the respective manufacturers' web sites for more detailed information about the depicted models and their other available AED models.
Click on the Pictures of the AEDs or the Names of their manufacturers underneath to access the Manufacturer�s Web Site.
The information beneath each picture was provided by the manufacturer.
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Physio-Control LifePak CR Plus |
Philips HeartStart OnSite |
Zoll AED Plus |
The LIFEPAK CR Plus AED is designed to be used by first responders to cardiac emergencies. Intuitive operation makes it the ideal product for infrequent users. It has voice prompts and lighted buttons to guide responders through operation. Pre-connected QUIK-PAK� defibrillation electrodes save valuable time on-scene, are compatible with other LIFEPAK defibrillators used by most emergency medical services, and can stay with the patient all the way to intensive care. At only seven pounds, this rugged device is extremely portable. Sleek and lightweight, the CR Plus uses the latest ADAPTIV� biphasic technology. If the heart doesn�t respond to the first shock, the device can provide additional, higher energy shocks, up to 360 joules. Automatic self-testing and a visible readiness display helps assure that the device is ready to go. More hospitals and nine out of the top 10 emergency medical services teams in the U.S. have LIFEPAK devices onboard. |
Weighing just 3.3 lbs., this small and lightweight defibrillator can be easily carried to the patient�s side. Using clear, natural voice instructions, the OnSite Home Defibrillator guides you, the first caregiver on the scene, through each step of defibrillation and CPR. Integrated SMART Pads placed on the patient�s bare skin transmit information to the defibrillator, which senses and adapts to your actions every step of the way. HeartStart includes proven Philips technologies for heart rhythm assessment (SMART Analysis) and defibrillation energy delivery (SMART Biphasic). Using a highly accurate algorithm to determine whether a victim�s heart requires a shock, the HeartStart OnSite Defibrillator will only deliver a shock if it determines one is needed. Like all HeartStart defibrillators, it can be used to treat infants, children and adults. Daily self-tests of multiple system components, including a check for pads readiness, renders the device virtually maintenance free. |
The new ZOLL AED Plus combines simple illustrations and audio coaching to help make the rescue process more manageable and controlled. It is the only AED to include a CPR feedback sensor that helps rescuers avoid the two most common pitfalls of CPR � inadequate chest compression rate and depth. The unique one-piece electrode eliminates rescuer confusion and the AED Plus runs on long-lasting consumer lithium batteries. The ZOLL Rectilinear Biphasic� waveform (RBW) is the only biphasic waveform cleared by the FDA to be labeled as clinically superior to monophasic waveforms for the conversion of ventricular fibrillation in high-impedance patients. It allows the AED Plus to deliver more current than any other AED when it matters most. With ECG analysis designed specifically for a pediatric heart rate, coupled with appropriate defibrillation energy levels, the AED Plus can handle both adult and pediatric rescues. |
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Cardiac Science PowerHeart |
Samaritan PAD |
Defibtech LifeLine View |
The new Powerheart AED G3-Automatic incorporates the Company�s patented RHYTHMx analysis software and STAR� biphasic defibrillation energy waveform. It automatically detects, analyzes, and delivers life-saving defibrillation shock(s) to a cardiac arrest victim, eliminating the need to press a shock button. Patented RescueReady technology includes daily, weekly, and monthly self-tests of Intellisense lithium battery, internal electronics, the pre-connected electrodes (presence and function), software, and defibrillation pads, which assures first time, every time shock delivery. Powerheart AED G3 utilizes the industry's first four-year, full replacement battery. |
Using three simple icons and verbal instructions, the samaritan� PAD will clearly guide the rescuer through each step. The samaritan� PAD uses HeartSine�s SCOPE� Biphasic technology (a low-energy waveform that adjusts for the differences in each person�s physical make-up) to deliver optimal defibrillation to every patient. The new innovative battery and electrode system cuts maintenance in half and helps ensure an optimal state of readiness. Just one expiration to track and replace. A flashing green STATUS light indicates system is operational and a CPR tone and flashing icon coach the rescuer in delivering chest compressions according to AHA or ERC 2005 guidelines. |
Compact, portable and lightweight - under three pounds - the Lifeline VIEW uses biphasic technology, a clinically proven waveform and algorithm to deliver shocks and save lives. The Lifeline VIEW AED is the first and only AED with a full-color interactive display that shows step-by-step videos for performing CPR, rescue breathing and external defibrillation. Some people do compression-only CPR. Others may be trained to do both compression and rescue breathing. Real Time Protocol Selection allows you to switchover from one to both without skipping a beat. The status screen gives you up to the minute information on maintenance if it's required. As protocols change over time, your unit can be easily upgraded in the field with a data card. |
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Defibtech Lifeline PRO |
Zoll AED Pro |
Philips HeartStart FR2+ |
The first and only AEDs with video in full-motion color, the Lifeline PRO offers professional responders full manual capabilities. One of the most widely used impedance compensated waveforms, the Lifeline PRO uses biphasic technology, a clinically proven waveform and algorithm to deliver shocks and save lives. The Lifeline PRO allows the professional responder full manual control over shock energy and shock delivery. The ECG is clearly displayed on a large, brightly lit, high-resolution color display. The Lifeline PRO has a large, full-color interactive display that gives step-by-step instructions for performing CPR, rescue breathing and external defibrillation. The Lifeline PRO has a built-in metronome that counts out the beat so you know what to do and when to do it. |
The Zoll AED Pro has a high-resolution LCD display that allows responders to visualize a patient's ECG while utilizing a 3-lead monitoring cable. Able to withstand a 1.5-meter drop test, resistant to dust and water jets, superior design and rubber over-molds are built to withstand harsh environments. Built-in 7-hour internal memory and USB memory technology allows virtually unlimited data storage capacity, and maximum flexibility for data management and transfer. Long-life disposable or rechargeable batteries compatible with ZOLL M Series� professional defibrillators. Real CPR Help� for rate and depth of chest compressions during CPR using ZOLL's unique one-piece CPR-D�padz�. Available as semi-automatic only or semi-automatic with manual override for ALS professionals. |
The Philips HeartStart FR2+�s commands are clear, streamlined, confident, and concise. The clean, uncluttered design includes an ECG display. The HeartStart FR2+ offers features that make hand-off to ALS professionals seamless for maximum continuity of care for the patient. The 4.7 lbs. FR2+ allows ALS responders to switch to a manual mode, giving them more control. Defibrillator pad adapters enable the pads to remain on the patient when transferring to many popular ALS manual defibrillators from Philips and other manufacturers. When equipped with special infant/child defibrillator pads that reduce the energy of the FR2+�s shock, you can safely treat a child or infant in cardiac arrest. |
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Philips Heartstart FR3 |
Defibtech LifeLine |
Powerheart AED G3 Plus |
The new Philips HeartStart FR3 is Philips best professional-grade AED yet and is now making lifesaving faster, easier, better for professional responders. Smallest and lightest (3.5lbs, 1.6kg) professional-grade AED among leading global manufacturers, the FR3 Automatically powers on** by opening the Philips HeartStart FR3 carry case so you can focus on pad placement from the start. Ready-for-use visual indicator flashes a green ready light making it easier to confirm the FR3 is ready and bright, high-resolution color LCD makes the FR3 easier to use in a noisy environment. Review, annotate, print, and store AED events with HeartStart Event Review for timely retrospective responder feedback for more effective training. CPR Metronome keeps the beat for consistent chest compressions. |
A calm voice guides the responder step by step while brightly lit progress lights provide clear visual text guidance to reinforce voice instructions. The biphasic defibrillation the Defibribtech LifeLine uses is extremely effective at defibrillating patients in ventricular fibrillation on the first shock. At just 4.2 pounds, including a 5 or 7-year lithium battery pack, a child could carry it. As protocols change over time, your unit can be upgraded in the field simply by inserting a data card. The �Power On� and �Shock� buttons are oversized and brightly lit so even the most nervous fingers will hit their mark. The AED performs automatic self-checks on a regular basis to test its operational readiness. The electrode pads are tucked into a back pocket ready to apply and the Lifeline AED meets US Military "drop and shock" specifications. |
The Powerheart� AED G3 Plus is the flagship Cardiac Science automated external defibrillator (AED) that features Rescue Ready�, RescueCoach� and STAR� biphasic technology to make your rescue as simple as possible. Available in automatic and semi-automatic models, this AED is ideal for lay rescuers to use in public access defibrillation areas such as schools, athletic fields, and workplace environments. Rescue Ready� technology that self-checks all main AED components (battery, hardware, software, and pads) daily. The AED completes a partial charge of the high-voltage electronics weekly, and a full charge monthly. Proprietary STAR� biphasic technology to calculate electrical impedance and escalate energy to deliver therapy at an appropriate higher level should a patient require a second shock. |
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Powerheart AED G3 Pro |
Philips HeartStart FRx |
Physio-Control Lifepak Express |
Cardiac Science's AED G3 Pro boasts the industry's first ECG color display, provides manual override features, multiple rescue capability, and the most advanced rescue options, programmable functions, and advanced monitoring capabilities and simple, easy-to-use, one-button operation Intuitive and comprehensive voice prompts guide user through rescue. Patented RescueReady� technology includes daily, weekly, and monthly self-tests of battery, internal electronics, software, and pads, which assures first time, every time shock delivery. Its innovative technology includes an optional 3 lead continuous ECG patient monitoring along with configurable biphasic energy protocols and detection rates. Our Intellisense Lithium batteries, which come with a 4-Year unconditional performance guarantee, feature an internal analysis chip which records daily self-test data and provides charge level data to the onboard diagnostic software. |
The HeartStart FRx Defibrillator�s SMART Biphasic waveform technology delivers a highly effective defibrillation shock that is also gentle to the heart. Able to automatically assess the victim�s heart rhythm, SMART Analysis (a proven Philips technology for heart rhythm assessment) ensures that FRx Defibrillator only shocks when it should � even if the shock button is pressed. Designed to surpass rigorous testing requirements, the FRx withstands jetting water, loads up to 500 pounds and a one-meter drop onto concrete. With features including CPR Coaching, intuitive icon-driven operation, clear voice commands and descriptive visual icons, the FRx even reminds you to call emergency medical services (EMS). Powered by an easy to install, long-life (four-year) battery, the device's automated daily, weekly and monthly self-tests check the pads readiness, and verify functionality and calibration of circuits and systems. With over 85 self-tests, the FRx is virtually maintenance-free. |
One of the best AED values in its class from Physio-Control, the Physio-Control LIFEPAK EXPRESS AED is a small, compact and easy-to-carry device containing features found on more expensive defibrillators. Like all Physio-Control AEDs, the LIFEPAK EXPRESS uses a treatment sequence which includes ADAPTIV biphasic escalating energy shocks up to 360 joules for harder-to-defibrillate patients. It also comes to you pre-programmed with a motion detection feature enabled - also called "artifact" detection - so the device can analyze your patient reliably. Simple step-by-step ClearVoice prompts guide you through the emergency easily and thoroughly. It performs its own regular self tests and a quick check of the status indicator lets you know the device's condition anytime. A fully charged device will yield 20 full shocks or 140 minutes of "on" time - more than enough for a typical event. |
The AEDs utilized by our local Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue are the Physio-Control Units. However, any of the FDA-approved units manufactured by the companies described here will SAVE YOUR LIFE!
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Defibrillator Links
These are links to sites that contain information about Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs), Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), and related topics.
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